The following is excerpted from The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City by Dore Gold (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2007):
“[T]he Palestinians’ battle for Jerusalem incorporates more than just the frontal, military assault of the intifada. Its first stages entailed a campaign by Arafat to completely delegitimize the Israeli claim to the city. This began on the ninth day of the Camp David summit [in the year 2000], when Arafat subjected Clinton to a lecture of staggering historical revisionism. His central argument was that the biblical temple never existed on the Temple Mount or even in Jerusalem. Arafat baldly asserted that ‘There is nothing there [i.e., no trace of a temple on the Temple Mount],’ further insisting that ‘Solomon’s Temple was not in Jerusalem, but Nablus.’ ...
[This] doctrine of ‘Temple Denial’ quickly became a new Palestinian dogma that was even repeated, with the firmest conviction, by Western-educated Palestinian officials who are assiduously courted by the international media. ...
Arafat’s eventual successor, Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), also embraced Temple Denial. ... Temple Denial spread across the Middle East like wildfire from the editorial pages of al-Jazirah in Saudi Arabia to well-funded international seminars in the United Arab Emirates. It even subtly slipped into the writing of Middle East-based Western reporters. Thus Time magazine’s Romesh Ratnesar in October 2003 described the Temple Mount as a place ‘where Jews believe Solomon and Herod built the first and Second Temples.’ In three years, Arafat’s campaign had convinced a leading U.S. weekly to relate the existence of Jerusalem’s biblical temples as a debatable matter of religious belief rather than historical fact. Arafat had moved the goalposts of historical truth.
Temple Denial found fertile ground in the Arab world’s universities, particularly those with a more radical Islamist perspective, where it would affect an entirely new generation. A lecturer in modern history at Saudi Arabia’s Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University repeated a popular variation of Temple Denial in 2000, when he published a research arguing that King Solomon’s Temple was in fact a mosque. ...
The Temple Mount itself and the Western Wall attests to the Second Temple, built in the 6th century B.C. and expanded under Herod the Great in the 1st century B.C. The Western Wall contains original stones from the foundation of the Temple Mount in the days when the New Testament was written. [Benjamin Mazar, president of the Hebrew University, excavated the southern steps of the Temple Mount between 1968-78. Because of his labor, visitors today can see the actual steps upon which Jesus walked and where He preached at the main entrance to the temple area and where the Psalms of Degrees were sung.]
CLAY SEAL FROM THE FIRST TEMPLE -- [In rubble that was removed from the Temple Mount by the Palestinian-controlled Waqf and dumped in various waste sites throughout Jerusalem] Dr. Gabi Barkai found a clay seal from the Temple Mount with Hebrew writing. On the third line of the ancient seal was the name Immer, which is the last name of a man, Pashur Ben Immere, whom the Book of Jeremiah describes as an important priest in the first Temple. Looking at a set of broken lines above the name Immer, Barkai concluded that the seal belonged to a relative of Pashur named Galihu Ben Immer. The clay seal proved that a noted priestly family member at the time of ancient Israel was involved in administering the Temple Mount. ...
JOSEPHUS’ TESTIMONY -- Ancient historians from the Roman era such as Josephus have provided detailed descriptions of the Second Temple as well as the planning and execution of its destruction by Titus, the son of Roman emperor Vespasian, and his successor.
ARCH OF TITUS IN ROME -- Indeed, any tourist visiting the famous Arch of Titus in Rome can see how the Roman conquest of Jerusalem was commemorated over nineteen centuries ago with engraved images of Roman soldiers triumphantly carrying the Temple vessels, including trumpets and the seven-branched Menorah, as spoils of war.
ITEMS FROM THE TENTH ROMAN LEGION -- Throughout Jerusalem’s Old City, a variety of everyday items have been found that bear the mark of the Tenth Roman Legion--the unit that destroyed the Second Temple.
TEMPLE PLAQUES WARNING GENTILES -- Stone plaques with Greek inscriptions from the time of King Herod warning non-Jews not to enter certain areas of the Temple have also been uncovered. A complete plaque from the Temple Mount is housed in the museum in Istanbul, Turkey, and a partial plaque is housed in the Israel Museum. The plaque reads: ‘Foreigner, do not enter within the grille and the partition surrounding the Temple.’
THE TRUMPETING PLACE -- The excavation of the street level just below the Temple Mount revealed huge blocks of stone that toppled down during the Temple’s destruction, including one with a Hebrew inscription reading ‘To the Trumpeting Place.’ This corresponds with Josephus’ account of a corner of the Temple Mount where the Temple trumpet was blown to mark the beginning of the Sabbath. The eight-foot-long stone was apparently hurled down by the Roman armies from the Temple area to the pavement surrounding the Temple Mount below.
[An inscription in the Siloam Tunnel in Jerusalem celebrates the completion of a water tunnel in the time of King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah, described in 2 Kings 20:20. The Hebrew writing is in the early angular script used before the Babylonian exile.]
[Part of Nehemiah’s Wall has been unearthed. It matches the description in Nehemiah that the poor Jews who had returned from Babylon used whatever was at hand to rebuild the walls rather than rebuilt it with quarried stones.]
COINS FROM BAR KOCHBA REBELLION -- [Coins from the Bar Kochba revolt to liberate Jerusalem from the Roman armies from 132-135 A.D., only a few decades after the destruction of the Temple, depict the façade of the Temple with the Ark of the Covenant between the pillars.]
Throughout the twentieth century, even extremist Muslim leaders and organizations acknowledged the Temple’s existence. For example, a guide to the Temple Mount was published in 1935 by the Supreme Muslim Council, which at the time was headed by Hajj Amin al-Husseini, the notorious pro-Nazi mufti of Jerusalem. Concerning the Temple Mount (‘Haram al-Sharif’), the guide stated without equivocation that ‘Its identity with the site of Solomon’s Temple is beyond dispute.’ This mimicked the language of an earlier guidebook the council had written in 1924.
Thus the claims of Arafat and his acolytes throughout the Arab world that the Temples never existed in Jerusalem are refuted not only by the archaeological record, but also by Islam’s greatest authorities and even by Arafat’s radical predecessors.
Except for the material within the brackets, the previous is adapted from The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City by Dore Gold (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2007).
CONCLUDING NOTE
In 2008 the Jewish Temple Institute acquired a copy of the 1925 edition of the guidebook published by the Supreme Moslem Council, which states the following: “Its identity with the site of Solomon's Temple is beyond dispute. This, too, is the spot, according to universal belief, on which ‘David built there an altar unto the Lord’” (Arutz Sheva, Sept. 2, 2008).
In March 2008 the Israel Antiquities Authority announced that first the first time in the history of archaeological research of Jerusalem remains from the First Temple have been found close to the Temple Mount.
“A rich layer of finds from the latter part of the First Temple period (8th-6th centuries B.C.E.) has been discovered in archaeological rescue excavations near the Western Wall plaza. ... The Israel Antiquities Authority has been conducting the excavations for the past two years under the direction of archaeologists Shlomit Wexler-Bdoulah and Alexander Onn, in cooperation with the Western Wall Heritage Foundation. The remains of a magnificent colonnaded street from the 2nd century C.E. were uncovered; the street appears on the mosaic Madaba map, and is referred to by the name Eastern Cardo. The level of the Eastern Cardo is paved with large heavy limestone pavers that were set directly atop the layer that dates to the end of the First Temple period. This Roman road thus ‘seals’ beneath it the finds from the First Temple period, protecting them from being plundered in later periods. The walls of the buildings found in the dig are preserved to a height of more than two meters” (“First Temple Building Remains Found Near Temple Mount,” Arutz Sheva, Israel National News, March 17, 2008).
Updated and enlarged August 5, 2010 (Fundamental Baptist Information Service, fbns@wayoflife.org)
“[T]he Palestinians’ battle for Jerusalem incorporates more than just the frontal, military assault of the intifada. Its first stages entailed a campaign by Arafat to completely delegitimize the Israeli claim to the city. This began on the ninth day of the Camp David summit [in the year 2000], when Arafat subjected Clinton to a lecture of staggering historical revisionism. His central argument was that the biblical temple never existed on the Temple Mount or even in Jerusalem. Arafat baldly asserted that ‘There is nothing there [i.e., no trace of a temple on the Temple Mount],’ further insisting that ‘Solomon’s Temple was not in Jerusalem, but Nablus.’ ...
[This] doctrine of ‘Temple Denial’ quickly became a new Palestinian dogma that was even repeated, with the firmest conviction, by Western-educated Palestinian officials who are assiduously courted by the international media. ...
Arafat’s eventual successor, Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen), also embraced Temple Denial. ... Temple Denial spread across the Middle East like wildfire from the editorial pages of al-Jazirah in Saudi Arabia to well-funded international seminars in the United Arab Emirates. It even subtly slipped into the writing of Middle East-based Western reporters. Thus Time magazine’s Romesh Ratnesar in October 2003 described the Temple Mount as a place ‘where Jews believe Solomon and Herod built the first and Second Temples.’ In three years, Arafat’s campaign had convinced a leading U.S. weekly to relate the existence of Jerusalem’s biblical temples as a debatable matter of religious belief rather than historical fact. Arafat had moved the goalposts of historical truth.
Temple Denial found fertile ground in the Arab world’s universities, particularly those with a more radical Islamist perspective, where it would affect an entirely new generation. A lecturer in modern history at Saudi Arabia’s Muhammad bin Saud Islamic University repeated a popular variation of Temple Denial in 2000, when he published a research arguing that King Solomon’s Temple was in fact a mosque. ...
The Temple Mount itself and the Western Wall attests to the Second Temple, built in the 6th century B.C. and expanded under Herod the Great in the 1st century B.C. The Western Wall contains original stones from the foundation of the Temple Mount in the days when the New Testament was written. [Benjamin Mazar, president of the Hebrew University, excavated the southern steps of the Temple Mount between 1968-78. Because of his labor, visitors today can see the actual steps upon which Jesus walked and where He preached at the main entrance to the temple area and where the Psalms of Degrees were sung.]
CLAY SEAL FROM THE FIRST TEMPLE -- [In rubble that was removed from the Temple Mount by the Palestinian-controlled Waqf and dumped in various waste sites throughout Jerusalem] Dr. Gabi Barkai found a clay seal from the Temple Mount with Hebrew writing. On the third line of the ancient seal was the name Immer, which is the last name of a man, Pashur Ben Immere, whom the Book of Jeremiah describes as an important priest in the first Temple. Looking at a set of broken lines above the name Immer, Barkai concluded that the seal belonged to a relative of Pashur named Galihu Ben Immer. The clay seal proved that a noted priestly family member at the time of ancient Israel was involved in administering the Temple Mount. ...
JOSEPHUS’ TESTIMONY -- Ancient historians from the Roman era such as Josephus have provided detailed descriptions of the Second Temple as well as the planning and execution of its destruction by Titus, the son of Roman emperor Vespasian, and his successor.
ARCH OF TITUS IN ROME -- Indeed, any tourist visiting the famous Arch of Titus in Rome can see how the Roman conquest of Jerusalem was commemorated over nineteen centuries ago with engraved images of Roman soldiers triumphantly carrying the Temple vessels, including trumpets and the seven-branched Menorah, as spoils of war.
ITEMS FROM THE TENTH ROMAN LEGION -- Throughout Jerusalem’s Old City, a variety of everyday items have been found that bear the mark of the Tenth Roman Legion--the unit that destroyed the Second Temple.
TEMPLE PLAQUES WARNING GENTILES -- Stone plaques with Greek inscriptions from the time of King Herod warning non-Jews not to enter certain areas of the Temple have also been uncovered. A complete plaque from the Temple Mount is housed in the museum in Istanbul, Turkey, and a partial plaque is housed in the Israel Museum. The plaque reads: ‘Foreigner, do not enter within the grille and the partition surrounding the Temple.’
THE TRUMPETING PLACE -- The excavation of the street level just below the Temple Mount revealed huge blocks of stone that toppled down during the Temple’s destruction, including one with a Hebrew inscription reading ‘To the Trumpeting Place.’ This corresponds with Josephus’ account of a corner of the Temple Mount where the Temple trumpet was blown to mark the beginning of the Sabbath. The eight-foot-long stone was apparently hurled down by the Roman armies from the Temple area to the pavement surrounding the Temple Mount below.
[An inscription in the Siloam Tunnel in Jerusalem celebrates the completion of a water tunnel in the time of King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah, described in 2 Kings 20:20. The Hebrew writing is in the early angular script used before the Babylonian exile.]
[Part of Nehemiah’s Wall has been unearthed. It matches the description in Nehemiah that the poor Jews who had returned from Babylon used whatever was at hand to rebuild the walls rather than rebuilt it with quarried stones.]
COINS FROM BAR KOCHBA REBELLION -- [Coins from the Bar Kochba revolt to liberate Jerusalem from the Roman armies from 132-135 A.D., only a few decades after the destruction of the Temple, depict the façade of the Temple with the Ark of the Covenant between the pillars.]
Throughout the twentieth century, even extremist Muslim leaders and organizations acknowledged the Temple’s existence. For example, a guide to the Temple Mount was published in 1935 by the Supreme Muslim Council, which at the time was headed by Hajj Amin al-Husseini, the notorious pro-Nazi mufti of Jerusalem. Concerning the Temple Mount (‘Haram al-Sharif’), the guide stated without equivocation that ‘Its identity with the site of Solomon’s Temple is beyond dispute.’ This mimicked the language of an earlier guidebook the council had written in 1924.
Thus the claims of Arafat and his acolytes throughout the Arab world that the Temples never existed in Jerusalem are refuted not only by the archaeological record, but also by Islam’s greatest authorities and even by Arafat’s radical predecessors.
Except for the material within the brackets, the previous is adapted from The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City by Dore Gold (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 2007).
CONCLUDING NOTE
In 2008 the Jewish Temple Institute acquired a copy of the 1925 edition of the guidebook published by the Supreme Moslem Council, which states the following: “Its identity with the site of Solomon's Temple is beyond dispute. This, too, is the spot, according to universal belief, on which ‘David built there an altar unto the Lord’” (Arutz Sheva, Sept. 2, 2008).
In March 2008 the Israel Antiquities Authority announced that first the first time in the history of archaeological research of Jerusalem remains from the First Temple have been found close to the Temple Mount.
“A rich layer of finds from the latter part of the First Temple period (8th-6th centuries B.C.E.) has been discovered in archaeological rescue excavations near the Western Wall plaza. ... The Israel Antiquities Authority has been conducting the excavations for the past two years under the direction of archaeologists Shlomit Wexler-Bdoulah and Alexander Onn, in cooperation with the Western Wall Heritage Foundation. The remains of a magnificent colonnaded street from the 2nd century C.E. were uncovered; the street appears on the mosaic Madaba map, and is referred to by the name Eastern Cardo. The level of the Eastern Cardo is paved with large heavy limestone pavers that were set directly atop the layer that dates to the end of the First Temple period. This Roman road thus ‘seals’ beneath it the finds from the First Temple period, protecting them from being plundered in later periods. The walls of the buildings found in the dig are preserved to a height of more than two meters” (“First Temple Building Remains Found Near Temple Mount,” Arutz Sheva, Israel National News, March 17, 2008).
Updated and enlarged August 5, 2010 (Fundamental Baptist Information Service, fbns@wayoflife.org)
1 comment:
Post a Comment